The Devil Is in the Detail: Measuring Intra-EU Labour Migration 49 military service, and persons under 15. I provide the indicators expressed both as a percentage of the population and as a percentage of the labour force. Table 3.1 explains the key variables that were created and the method that was used in order to produce them in more detail. Table 3.1: Definition and method for indicators created using the EU-LFS Indicator Definition Method Foreign-born A dummy variable to indicate whether the individual is born in a foreign country. Created to identify who is or is not a migrant using the variable COUNTRYB (country of birth). An exception is Germany which chose to suppress this information. Instead, the variable ‘NATIONAL’ (nationality) is used. Thus, for Germany, the aggregate indicator represents the foreign population not foreign-born. EU–15 & EFTA labour migration (% of the total population) Migrants from the EU–15 and EFTA (Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein) who are classed as either employed or unemployed, as a percentage of the total population of the destination country. This indicator was created using COUNTRYB (country of birth) and ILOSTAT (labour force status). First, all observations with ILOSTAT missing were dropped. Then individuals who are born in an EU–15 or EFTA country and ‘employed’ or ‘unemployed’. EU–13 labour migration (% of the total population) Migrants from the 13 newest member states who are classed as either employed or unemployed, as a percentage of the total population of the destination country. The same method as above, but using individuals born in the EU–13. EU–15 & EFTA labour migration (% of the labour force) Migrants from the EU–15 and EFTA who are classed as either employed or unemployed, as a percentage of the labour force First, an absolute number for EU–15 & EFTA labour migration was created using the percentage derived above and population data from the OECD. Then, this absolute number and data on the size of the labour force from the OECD were used in order to provide the statistic as a percentage of the labour force. EU–13 labour migration (% of the labour force) Migrants from the 13 new member states, who are classed as either employed or unemployed, as a percentage of the labour force The same method as above, but using individuals born in the EU–13. 3.6 Descriptive and Comparison Statistics This section aims to provide key descriptive statistics for the intra-EU labour migration indicators generated, as well as offer various comparison statistics – where possible – in order to see how the indicators compare to those provided by international organisations. Table 3.2 displays basic descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimums, and maximums) for the various variables that were created in the process of developing intra-EU labour migration indicators. The table shows that between countries there is larger variation in the sizes of stocks of EU-15 and EFTA mobile citizens than EU-13 mobile citizens.
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