74 The Urge to Splurge Study 2 Method. Design & Participants. Study 2 was also an online correlation study (N = 502; Mage = 48.00, SDage = 17.00; 50.6% male, 48.4% female, 0.8% non-binary). In Study 2, we first measured the relationship between trait mindfulness and impulse buying trait and then the relationship between trait mindfulness and impulse buying urges for 16 specific purchases. Procedure & Pre-test. In addition to the procedure described in Study 1, Study 2 contained a pretest as well. The questionnaire of Study 2 included a question on how likely it would be that the respondent would buy certain items if the respondent had some spare money to spend. Sixteen sustainable (versus unsustainable) items were presented to the respondents. We included both sustainable and unsustainable items since 1) mindful people may be even more prone to buy sustainable items on impulse than unsustainable items, compared to less mindful people (e.g., Brown & Kasser, 2005; Panno et al., 2018; Geiger, Otto, & Schrader, 2018) and 2) mindfulness and sustainability consumptions arise from similar values and ethical principles (Geiger, Grossman, & Schreider, 2019). For both the sustainable and the unsustainable items, we only selected hedonic products and experiences because they are more likely to be bought impulsively than utilitarian items (e.g., Gültekin & Özer, 2012). The 16 items were based on the results of a pre-test, in which we asked thirty-eight undergraduate students to rate on a 5-point scale 1) to what extent they thought the item was a product versus an experience, and 2) if they thought the item fit a sustainable versus unsustainable lifestyle. More than half of the respondents agreed on the following groupings: 1) vegan body lotion, bio-seeds, fairtrade chocolate, and biological wine (sustainable products); 2) jewelry of known fast-fashion chain, plastic statuette, chips of a certain brand, calf croquette (unsustainable products); 3) fishing plastic from canals from a boat, renting a canoe, sustainable cooking class, yoga on the beach workshop (sustainable experiences); 4) sailing in canals on an old boat, renting a rental scooter, barbeque class, and 4 × 4 quad driving lesson (unsustainable experiences). Measurements. In addition to trait mindfulness and impulse buying trait (see Study 1), Study 2 also measured impulse buying urges for the 16 specific (un)sustainable items. This was measured on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = I would not want to buy this at all; 7 = I really would like to buy this), with one item per purchase: ‘If you unexpectedly had some extra money left, what are the chances that you would make the following types of purchases?’. The 16 items were presented in text and images and in random order, and then grouped into four categories: sustainable products, unsustainable products, sustainable experiences, and unsustainable experiences. The ‘unsustainable product’ group has a relatively low Cronbach’s alpha, which makes its reliability questionable. Therefore, we decided to analyze the correlation between mindfulness and the four purchase items separately from that group. See Table 4 for all the reliability scores.
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