33 Introduction Table 2. Continued. Study Neuroimaging technique Disorder Sample size (number of females) Mean age, years (SD) Diagnosis * Medicated: unmedicated Main findings in patients (compared to controls) Patients Controls Patients Controls Fulong et al. 2018 fMRI (resting state) NT1 51 (13) 60 (18) 25.8 (6.6) / 14.0 (2.7) 25.4 (4.3) / 13.3 (2.3) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy 0:51 Lower low-frequency fluctuations in bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior parietal lobule and supramarginal gyrus and greater low-frequency fluctuations in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex and middle temporal gyrus in both paediatric and adult NT1. Paediatric NT1 had greater lowfrequency fluctuations in the right putamen and thalamus. Xiao et al. 2019 fMRI (resting state) NT1 26 (8) 30 (12) 25.8 (6.6) 25.4 (4.3) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy 0:26 Lower functional connectivity in NT1 within the executive and salience networks, and increased functional connectivity in the bilateral frontal lobes. These were correlated with severity of daytime sleepiness. Pomares et al. 2019 fMRI (resting state) IH 12 (9) 15 (9) 33.4 (10.1) 31.2 (9.8) PSG, MSLT 0:12 Lower functional connectivity in IH within the medial prefrontal cortex. 1
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