27 Introduction Table 1. Continued. Study Neuroimaging technique Disorder Sample size (number of females) Mean age, years (SD) Diagnosis * Medicated: unmedicated Main findings in patients (compared to controls) Patients Controls Patients Controls Gool et al. 2019 DWI (3T) NT1 12 (8) 11 (7) 33.3 (10.5) 31.8 (13.4) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, CSF, HLA 5**:7 Brain-wide impaired WM except for cerebellum, localized differences in ventral diencephalon and midbrain and in hypothalamic tracts in connection with the midbrain. Park et al. 2020 DWI (3T) NT1 40 (15) 42 (0) 26.9 (7.2) 36.8 (10.7) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, HLA 0:40 Impaired WM in bilateral inferior frontooccipital fasciculus. Ni et al. 2022 DWI (3T) NT1 36 (15) 33 (14) 22.8 (6.9) 23.1 (3.9) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy 0:36 Reduced local efficiency, global efficiency, and small-world WM network organisation in NT1. Negative correlation between cognitive performance and global network efficiency in NT1. Hovi et al. 2024 DWI (3T) NT1 19 (10) 19 (7) 15.8 (13.917.2)*** 13.0 (12.919.9)*** PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, CSF 14:5 Brain-wide impaired WM in NT1, which positively correlated with anxiety and depression symptoms and social and behavioural problems. Chen et al. 2024 DWI (3T) NT1 + NT2 NT1: 17 NT2: 13 (12) † 30 (12) 29.5 (13.5) † 29.0 (12.8) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy 0:30 Reduced WM network degree and global efficiency in narcolepsy. Increased connectivity of the cingulate gyrus in narcolepsy, which positively correlated with presence of REM sleep behaviour disorder. 1
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