Thesis

24 Chapter 1 Table 1. Continued. Study Neuroimaging technique Disorder Sample size (number of females) Mean age, years (SD) Diagnosis * Medicated: unmedicated Main findings in patients (compared to controls) Patients Controls Patients Controls Tondelli et al. 2018 VBM + Automated segmentation (3T) NT1 20 (13) 19 (NR) 12.2 (3.1) NR PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, CSF, HLA 0:20 Reduced GM in cerebellum and medial prefrontal cortex and increased volume in right hippocampus. Cortical thickness in frontal lobe was also reduced. Joo et al. 2011 Automated segmentation (1.5T) NT1 28 (18) 33 (18) 26.9 (7.9) 30.1 (11.1) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, HLA 0:28 Reduced cortical thickness in the cingulate, frontotemporal, and inferior parietal cortices. Schaer et al. 2012 Automated segmentation (3T) NT1 12 (7) 12 (7) 28.8 (6.8) 31.5 (6.2) cataplexy, CSF, HLA 7**:5 Increased cortical thickness in the lateral prefrontal cortex, and decreased thickness in the paracentral lobule. Kim et al. 2016 Automated segmentation (3T) NT1 33 (12) 31 (12) 27 (5.9) 27 (5.7) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, HLA NR Reduced bilateral hippocampal and amygdalar centromedial volume. These were associated with longer duration of daytime sleepiness and shorter REM sleep latency. Nemcova et al. 2015 Automated segmentation + manual tracing (1.5T) NT1 + NT2 NT1: 53 (25) NT2: 23 (9) 37 (21) NT1: 39.6 (16.9) NT2: 40.4 (14.8) 36.3 (8.8) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, HLA NT1 - 53:0** NT2 - 11:12 Reduced hippocampus volume in NT1 (10%, manual tracing only). Reduced nonsignificant hippocampus volume in NT2 compared to controls. Brabec et al. 2011 Manual tracing (1.5T) NT1 11 (6) 11 (6) 41.7 (17.7) NR PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, HLA 9:2 Reduced amygdala volume in NT1. Joo et al. 2012 Manual tracing (1.5T) NT1 36 (11) 36 (11) 29 29 PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, HLA 0:36 Reduced bilateral hippocampus volume in NT1; negative correlation between hippocampus volume and mean sleep latency and REM sleep latency.

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