23 Introduction Appendix A MRI and nuclear imaging studies in central disorders of hypersomnolence Table 1. Structural MRI findings in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia Study Neuroimaging technique Disorder Sample size (number of females) Mean age, years (SD) Diagnosis * Medicated: unmedicated Main findings in patients (compared to controls) Patients Controls Patients Controls Kaufmann et al. 2002 VBM (1.5T) NT1 12 (6) 32 (16) 36.9 (15.8) 36.2 (14.7) MSLT, cataplexy, HLA 6:6 No change in hippocampal GM. Reduced volume in the frontotemporal cortex. Draganski et al. 2002 VBM (1.5T) NT1 29 (17) 29 (17) 39.7 (11.3) 38.6 (9.3) NR NR Reduced GM in the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens and frontotemporal cortex. Overeem et al. 2003 VBM (1.5T) NT1 15 (8) 15 (8) 44.7 (14.3) 44.5 (14.2) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, CSF 13:2 No change in hippocampal GM. Brenneis et al. 2005 VBM (1.5T) NT1 12 (4) 12 (2) 35.8 (13.2) 35.0 (8.4) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, HLA 10:2 No change in hippocampal GM. Reduced volume in the frontotemporal cortex. Buskova et al. 2006 VBM (1.5T) NT1 19 (9) 16 (7) 43.4 (13.8) 40.3 (10.9) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, HLA 9:10 Reduced GM in the hypothalamus. Joo et al. 2009 VBM (1.5T) NT1 29(14) 29(14) 31.2 (NR) 31.2 (NR) PSG, MSLT, cataplexy, HLA 0:29 Reduced GM in the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, thalamus and frontotemporal cortex. Kim et al. 2009 VBM (1.5T) NT1 17 (4) 17 (4) 24.6 (4.9) 26.6 (5.2) MSLT, cataplexy, HLA 11:6 Reduced GM in the hypothalamus, thalamus and frontotemporal cortex. 1
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