Thesis

100 Chapter 4 by EBV (12/149, 8.1% of total sample), other non-respiratory infections (11/149, 7.4% of total sample), and other respiratory infections (10/149, 6.7% of total sample). Other reported respiratory infections included pharyngitis (N = 3), pneumonia (N = 3), rhinitis (N = 1), tonsillitis (N = 1), bronchitis (N = 1), not further specified (N = 1), and other types of non-respiratory infections, included fever of unknown origin (N = 3), erysipelas (N = 1), enterovirus (N = 1), hip osteoarthritis (N = 1), toxoplasmosis (N = 1), otitis (N = 1), dengue (N = 1), not further specified (N = 2). Rapid onset of narcolepsy type 1 within one year after the infection was seen in 36/46 (78.3%) of all people who had reported infection and was most common for flu (13/13, 100%), followed by other respiratory infections (8/10, 80.0%), EBV (8/12, 66.7%) and other non-respiratory infections (7/11, 63.6%). Narcolepsy type 1 progression (delay between EDS and cataplexy onset) was within one year in 11/13 (84.6%) people with a reported flu infection, and less frequent for EBV (2/12, 16.7%), other respiratory (7/10, 70.0%) and other nonrespiratory infections (4/11, 36.4%). Vaccination history Influenza vaccination was reported in 44/142 (31.0%) people with narcolepsy type 1 with a known influenza vaccination history. H1N1 influenza vaccination in 2009–2010 was reported in 33/142 (23.2%) of the total sample and 33/44 of all reported influenza vaccinations (75.0%). Eleven people received influenza vaccination in other years or on a yearly basis without specification in which exact years (7.7% of total sample and 25.0% of all influenza vaccinations). Of the people with H1N1 influenza vaccination, eight reported they had received Pandemrix vaccination and two Focetria. Rapid onset of narcolepsy within one year of the influenza vaccination was reported in 15/44 (34.1%) for those who received influenza vaccination, 15/33 (45.5%) for those with 2009–2010H1N1 vaccination and in 0/11 (0.0%) for others. A short delay between the onset of EDS and cataplexy was frequently seen in the H1N1 influenza vaccination group (25/33, 75.8%) compared to influenza vaccination in other or unspecified years (4/11, 36.4%). Onset of narcolepsy type 1 within one month after an immunological event For people reporting an infection the exact timings were known in 27 individuals, of whom 20 individuals developed narcolepsy type 1 symptoms within a month of the infection. These reported infections included flu (N = 8), EBV (N = 4), fever of unknown origin (N = 2), pharyngitis (N = 1), pneumonia (N = 1), tonsillitis (N = 1), rhinitis (N = 1), otitis (N = 1) and enterovirus (N = 1). The exact timings were known in 23 individuals in the influenza vaccination group;

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