138 Chapter 6 CBT. Particularly levels of emotional eating and difficulties identifying feelings, shape/ weight overvaluation, shape concerns and self-esteem may inform treatment plans. Which variables predict outcome regardless of treatment type, in treatment seeking individuals with (subthreshold) BED? (Chapters 2 and 5) Variables that predict outcome regardless of treatment type, provide prognostic information on an individual’s likely success in treatment. This information can be used to better target treatment and thereby augment successful outcomes. Therefore, we first explored both baseline predictors of EOT success and EOT predictors of outcome at six-month FU in a large group of BED patients that completed CBT+ (Chapter 2). The bulimia subscale of the EDI-1 was used as the outcome measure for binge eating pathology. Next, in Chapter 5, we established baseline predictors of EOT and FU outcome in individuals with (subthreshold) BED that completed either CBT+ or DBT-BED. For the latter, we used available data from the combined datasets of the quasi-randomized study (Chapter 3) and the non-randomized effectiveness study (Chapter 4). Outcome was defined as the reduction in OBE episodes from baseline. In the study in Chapter 2, several variables turned out to be both baseline predictors of EOT-response to CBT+ and EOT-predictors of treatment outcome six months later. Lower levels of binge eating pathology, higher levels of drive for thinness and higher levels of interoceptive awareness predicted better outcome in the short and longer term. In addition, lower body dissatisfaction predicted better outcome in the short term for women and was an overall post-treatment predictor for follow-up. Higher depression levels predicted better EOT-outcome when assessed with one measure (SCL-90 Depression), but did not predict binge eating pathology when measured with another measure (BDI). Interestingly, in the study in Chapter 5, baseline depression levels as measured with the BDI turned out to be a robust predictor for both EOT and six-month FU outcome. In this second study, emotional eating and difficulties identifying feelings predicted outcome in the longer term, while shape/weight overvaluation, shape concern and self-esteem predicted outcome in the short term. Calculated effect-sizes showed that emotional eating was the only variable that predicted outcome with a medium effect while all other calculated predictor effects were (very) small. Generally, lower levels, so less problems, at baseline predicted less binge eating pathology at EOT and/or FU.
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