Chapter 3 72 Instruments Data will be collected on bio-demographic variables, illness management, illness outcomes and recovery. For an overview of instruments, data sources and times of measurement, see Table 2. Bio-demographic variables Bio-demographic variables and psychiatric history will be collected at baseline during the interviews with the clients and the clinician; they will be checked in the electronic client files. The diagnoses were made earlier on the basis of a clinical interview by psychiatrists on the community mental health team, and will be collected during the interviews with clinicians and checked in the electronic client files. Illness management and illness outcomes The primary outcome measure is the self-rated IMRS (23, 24) with 15 items completed by clients themselves. One of the secondary outcome measures is the clinician rated IMRS (23, 24). The IMR scales have good validity and moderate reliability (25, 26). To identify and correct discrepancies, the Dutch translation has been independently back-translated into English and compared with the original version. Evidence has been provided for the reliability and validity of this Dutch version (27). These two IMR scales are not unidimensional measures (25, 28). Three factors were found: ‘Coping with Illness Outcome’, ‘Knowledge and Goals’, and ‘Effective Medication Use/Reduced Alcohol and Drug Abuse’ (25). In terms of Mueser’s framework, the items of these two IMR scales mainly concern aspects of illness management and illness outcomes. Additional illness-management scales Given the limited number of items in the IMR scales, we will also assess illness management using other validated and more comprehensive scales, assessing coping, social support, treatment compliance, insight into illness, and problems with alcohol and drugs. To measure these secondary outcome variables, we will use the following: The coping self-efficacy scale (CSES (29)), 13-items. This scale has good internal reliability and three factors: using problem-focused coping (six items), stopping unpleasant emotions and thoughts (four items), and getting support from friends and family (three items). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability are strong for all three factors.
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