GAF-F= Global Assessment of Functioning- Function subscale; PSP= Personal and Social Performance; ASHS= Adult Ste of Hope Scale; GAS= Global Assessment Scale; CSES=Coping Self- Efficacy Scale; PI-scale= Psychiatric Insight Scale; BSI= Brief Symptom Inventory; SES= Service Engagement Scale; ASI= Addiction Severity Index, item 24; SFS=Social Functioning Scale; MHRM= Mental Health Recovery Measure; SERS-SF=Self-Esteem Rating Scale-Short Form, ISMI= Internal Stigma of Mental Illness. Table 2 Outcomes of seven RCTs on Illness Management and Recovery1 Variables/ Study Hasson et al., 2007 (7) Levitt et al., 2009 (4) Färdig et al., 2011 (5) Salyers et al., 2014 (8) Dalum et al 2016 (9), 2018 (12) Jensen et al, 2019(10) Tan et al., 2017 (6) Roosenschoon et al., 2021 (3) Illness self-management IMRS-client version IMRS-clinician-version Coping Knowledge and goals Insight NS2 .28 NS (CES) NS2 (factor IMRS-p) .14 (factor IMRS-p) .363 .393 .29 .34 .14–.194 (WCQ) NS NS NS .80 .78 .343 NS NS (CSES) NS (PI-scale) Clinical recovery Symptoms Hospitalization # of admissions Length of stay Medication adherence Use of antipsychotics Suicidality Addiction NS NS (factor IMRS-p) –.20 (BPRS)3; NS (MCSI)3 NS NS (SBQR) NS (AUS-R + DUS-R) .38 (PECC) NS NS (DDD) NS (PANNS) NS NS NS (Morisky) NS (PANNS) .42 (BPRS) .43 .13 NS (BSI) NS NS NS (SES) NS (ASI) Functional recovery Psychosocial functioning Social support Employment NS (MSPSS) .54 (QLS-A)3 NS NS (MANSA) NS (PAM), NS (QLS) NS (GAF-F)3 NS (PSP) .62 (GAS) NS (SFS) NS (MSPSS) Personal recovery Generic Self-esteem Hope Self-stigma NS (RAS) NS (RAS) NS (SHS) NS (MHRM) NS (ASHS) NS (MHRM) .52 (SERS-SF) NS (ISMI) 1 Results (intention to treat) reflect comparisons from baseline to the longest follow-up period. Only significant (p<.05) effect sizes (Cohen’s d) are reported: (0.2–0.3, small; 0.5, medium; 0.8, large effect (42)). Effect sizes for Färdig et al. (2011) and Tan et al (2017) are reported as η2. A blank cell indicates the variable was not measured. NS = not significant. 2 Significant only at sites with high fidelity. 3 Primary Outcome Measure. 4 Range from the four of eight subscales of the Ways of Coping Scale with significant results. IMRS-client version/ IMRS-p = Illness Management and Recovery Scale client version; IMRS-clinician-version= Illness Management and Recovery Scale clinician-version; CES = Coping Efficacy Scale; MSPSS = Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, MCSI= Modified Colorado Symptom Index, SBQR= Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire–Revised; AUS-R = Alcohol Use Scale–Revised; DUS-R= Drug Use Scale–Revised; QLS-A = Heinrichs Quality of Life Scale–Abbreviated; WCQ = Ways of Coping Scale; PECC= Psychosis Evaluation Tool for Common Use by Caregivers; DDD= Defined Daily Dose of antipsychotics; MANSA= Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life; RAS= Recovery Assessment Scale; PANNS= Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; Morisky= Morisky Scale; PAM= Patient Activation Measure; QLS= Quality of Life Scale; SHS= State Hope Scale;
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