Determinants of personal recovery: a mediation analysis 175 FIGURE 1. Parallel multiple mediated path model of the impact of improvement in illness (self-) management (ΔIM) on improvement in personal recovery (ΔPR) mediated by improvement in clinical recovery (ΔCR) and improvement in functional recovery (ΔFR). Note: c’, direct impact of ΔIM on ΔPR with mediators partialled out; a1 and a2, impact of ΔIM on mediators ΔCR and ΔFR; b1 and b2, impacts of mediators ΔCR and ΔFR on ΔPR. Results Participants’ characteristics The participants were mostly men who lived alone, had a secondary level of education, were born in the Netherlands, and had a psychotic disorder. The modal treatment length was over five years: they had been admitted at least three times, hospitalized for less than one year, and were receiving income from unemployment, disability, or sick leave (see Table 1). ΔCR a1 b1 a2 b2 ΔFR ΔIM ΔPR c’
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