61 Results: gait-adaptability training in people with HSP Table 3: Group means of both groups combined (n=36) pre training, post training and at follow-up and mean differences between assessments. Pre training (n=36) Post training (n=36) Follow-up (n=36) Time effect Mean group difference between post training and pre training assessment [95% CI] Mean group difference between follow-up and post training assessment [95% CI] Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD P value Clinical Assessment Obstacle subtask (s) 9.4 ± 5.4 8.1 ± 3.3 8.4 ± 4.0 0.006 -1.3 [-2.1;-0.4]** 0.3 [-0.1;0.6] MiniBEST 19.1 ± 5.0 21.6 ± 4.6 21.2 ± 5.2 < 0.001 2.5 [1.7;3.3]** -0.4 [-1.0;0.3] Activities-specific balance confidence scale (%) 69.6 ± 17.4 74.1 ± 16.4 73.1 ± 15.3 0.010 4.5 [1.3;7.7]** -1.0 [-3.7;1.5] Ten-meters walk test – Comfortabel (m/s) 1.3 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.2 0.001 0.1 [0.0;0.1]** 0.0 [-0.1;0.0] Ten-meters walk test – Fast (m/s) 1.7 ± 0.3 1.7 ± 0.3 1.7 ± 0.3 0.003 0.1 [0.0:0.1]** 0.0 [-0.1;0.0]* Walking adaptability ladder test – single run (s) 21.5 ± 11.7 18.4 ± 7.9 19.2 ± 10.2 < 0.001 -3.1 [-4.6;1.5]** 0.8 [-3.4;1.7] Walking adaptability ladder test – double run (s) 37.4 ± 16.2 34.0 ± 14.7 33.9 ± 14.6 < 0.001 -3.4 [-4.9;-1.9]** -0.1 [-1.7;1.4] Time spent active (% of day) 9.8 ± 3.1 10.3 ± 3.1 9.9 ± 3.5 0.709 0.2 [-0.4;0.9] -0.4 [-1.2;0.3] Time spent walking (% of day) 7.8 ± 2.5 8.3 ± 3.0 7.4 ± 2.9 0.078 0.2 [-0.4;0.9] -0.9 [-1.6;-0.2] Three-dimensional gait analysis # Average stride length (m) 1.2 ± 0.2 1.3 ± 0.2 1.2 ± 0.2 < 0.001 0.1 [0.0;0.1]** -0.0 [-0.0;-0.0]* Average stride time (s) 1.1 ± 0.2 1.1 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.1 0.273 0.0 [ 0.1;0.0] 0.0 [0.0;0.0] Average step width (m) 0.15 ± 0.0 0.15 ± 0.0 0.16 ± 0.0 0.372 0.0 [0.0;0.0] 0.0 [0.0;0.0] Walking velocity (m/s) 1.1 ± 0.2 1.1 ± 0.2 1.1 ± 0.2 0.001 0.1 [0.0;0.1]** -0.0 [-0.1;0.0]* Cadence (steps/min) 107.6 ± 13.8 109.0 ± 11.8 108.6 ± 11.1 0.417 1.4 [-1.0;3.8] -0.4 [-2.0;1.3] Values displayed are unadjusted means ± standard deviation. Presented data includes the pre-training, post-training and follow-up assessment data for the gait-adaptability training group and waiting-list control group (gait-adaptability training group: assessments 1,2,3; waiting-list control group: assessments 2,3,4). * indicates significant differences at P < 0.05. ** indicates significant differences at P < 0.01. # collected during two trials of 3 minute overground walking. 4
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