50 Chapter 2 Table A5. Final GAF: Alternative outcomes and subpopulations Difference in GAF score (1) GAF interval normal functioning (7 or more) (2) Similar GAF interval (3) Deterioration GAF interval (4) Functional improvement (initial GAF 4) (5) Functional improvement (initial GAF 5) (6) Functional improvement (initial GAF 6) (7) Functional improvement (initial GAF 7) (8) Unadjusted mean (SD) 1st quintile 0.339 (0.826) 0.269 (0.443) 0.710 (0.454) 0.033 (0.177) 0.262 (0.440) 0.282 (0.450) 0.254 (0.436) 0.206 (0.404) Adjusted mean differences (95% CI) 2nd quintile 0.129 0.050 -0.056 -0.004 0.049 0.062 0.066 0.048 (0.124, 0.134) (0.048, 0.053) (-0.059, -0.054) (-0.005, -0.003) (0.040, 0.058) (0.058, 0.067) (0.063, 0.070) (0.041, 0.054) 3rd quintile 0.215 0.085 -0.096 -0.006 0.081 0.103 0.114 0.085 (0.209, 0.220) (0.083, 0.088) (-0.099, -0.093) (-0.007, -0.005) (0.070, 0.092) (0.098, 0.108) (0.110, 0.118) (0.079, 0.092) 4th quintile 0.284 0.112 -0.127 -0.009 0.098 0.137 0.152 0.113 (0.278, 0.289) (0.110, 0.115) (-0.130, -0.124) (-0.010, -0.008) (0.085, 0.110) (0.130, 0.143) (0.148, 0.157) (0.106, 0.120) 5th quintile (highest) 0.352 0.140 -0.162 -0.012 0.138 0.183 0.190 0.144 (0.346, 0.358) (0.137, 0.142) (-0.165, -0.158) (-0.013, -0.010) (0.124, 0.152) (0.176, 0.190) (0.185, 0.195) (0.137, 0.151) Covariates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes DSM-IV diagnosis Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Initial GAF Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Treatment minutes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Observations 951,530 951,530 951,530 951,530 57,880 246,730 435,731 156,056 R2 0.158 0.401 0.098 0.059 0.205 0.140 0.123 0.131 Notes: The difference in GAF score (Column 1) is obtained by subtracting baseline GAF category from the final GAF category. Outcomes in columns (2) to (4) are binary indicators for having a final GAF in the normal functioning range of 70 to 100, no change between baseline and final GAF category and a lower final GAF category, respectively. The adjusted mean differences correspond to the coefficients from OLS regressions, estimated using robust standard errors. Covariates include gender, age, migration background, 2-digit address postcode and the year and month of record opening. The DSM-IV diagnosis includes dummies for each diagnosis category at the DSM-IV 3rd level and binary indicators for having either 2 or 3 or more concurrent diagnoses. Initial GAF (dummies for each category) and Treatment minutes in the first column concern the inclusion of these measures as controls for the subsequent outcomes models. Each GAF category corresponds to a 10-point interval in GAF score (e.g. GAF category 1 corresponds to 1-10 points, 2 to 11-20, …, 10 to 91-100). GAF – Global Assessment of Functioning score; SD – standard deviation; CI – confidence interval.
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