165 Antidepressant therapy prescription, do psychologists help? Evidence from Portugal the practice level was 9.2%. Last, there were on average 1.98 FTE psychologists for every 100,000 patients in the local group, varying from local groups that had 0 psychologists at some point during our study to a maximum of 7.59/100,000. Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the study population. Mean Standard deviation Min Max Overall between within GP-level variables Antidepressant prescription share 26.876 15.072 14.541 3.969 0.000 96.429 Male [0,1] 0.371 0.483 0.483 0.000 0.000 1.000 Age in years 53.331 11.215 11.826 1.026 30.000 80.000 GP Tenure (1-2y) [0,1] 0.210 0.407 0.379 0.247 0.000 1.000 GP Tenure (3-5y) [0,1] 0.190 0.392 0.251 0.311 0.000 1.000 GP Tenure (>5y) [0,1] 0.601 0.490 0.451 0.227 0.000 1.000 Patient list size 1710.8 215.4 215.4 56.9 599 2866 % Utilization rate 69.902 8.665 8.825 2.308 0.428 97.801 % Exempt co-payments 47.643 8.197 8.043 2.149 19.048 84.269 % Female patients 52.865 1.337 1.321 0.246 47.259 57.891 % Patients aged 0-4y 4.021 0.846 0.844 0.179 0.637 7.607 % Patients aged 5-14y 8.547 1.411 1.392 0.284 1.402 14.179 % Patients aged 15-44y 37.770 3.474 3.451 0.641 15.233 49.232 % Patients aged 45-64y 27.607 1.890 1.860 0.416 20.657 35.243 % Patients aged 65-74y 11.134 1.802 1.776 0.375 4.565 18.929 % Patients aged >75y 10.921 3.628 3.616 0.400 3.020 41.810 % Patients Dementia 0.872 0.627 0.604 0.146 0.000 8.647 % Patients COPD 1.394 0.896 0.865 0.212 0.000 11.911 % Patients Cancer 3.990 1.355 1.314 0.355 0.000 9.964 % Patients Asthma 2.866 1.556 1.499 0.280 0.000 13.143 % Patients Hypertension 22.629 6.559 6.599 1.156 0.327 66.118 % Patients Obesity 9.214 5.486 5.184 1.621 0.000 33.952 % Patients Diabetes 8.184 2.270 2.299 0.480 0.109 25.802 % Patients Depression 9.703 4.623 4.519 0.898 0.298 36.110 GP practice-level covariates PHCU [0,1] # 0.387 0.487 0.486 0.072 0.000 1.000 FHU-A [0,1] # 0.266 0.442 0.437 0.100 0.000 1.000 FHU-B [0,1] # 0.347 0.476 0.455 0.077 0.000 1.000 Number of years in operation† 7.300 2.995 2.892 1.133 0.000 12.000 Patients without GP [%] 6.058 12.328 11.790 4.960 0.000 77.870 5
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