115 Tau PET and cognition in early- and late onset AD RESULTS Participant characteristics are presented in Table 1. There were no differences in level of education, sex distribution and APOE ε4 carriership between early- and late-onset AD (all p>0.05), also in the cognition subsample (Supplementary Table 1). Figure 1 and Supplementary Figure 2 show average BPND and R1 maps, respectively, to provide insight into their spatial distribution. On average, early-onset AD patients showed highest BPND values in medial and lateral parietal, and lateral temporal cortical areas (Figure 1). Late-onset AD patients showed highest BPND values in lateral temporal regions, and PCA patients in parieto-occipital regions, with BPND values exceeding all groups (Figure 1). Lastly, bvAD patients showed highest BPND values in lateral frontal and temporal regions, as well as lateral and medial parietal regions (Figure 1). For R1, values and patterns on the parametric images were visually similar across groups (Supplementary Figure 2). Table 1. Demographics and cognitive test scores of the sample. Depicted are mean (SD), unless specified otherwise, for early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD) groups. Median [range] is depicted for education. APOE ε4 status was unknown for four LOAD subjects. Independent sample T-test or χ2 test was used for demographic variables. Differences in cognition were assessed using ANOVA, adjusted for sex and education. *The Dutch Verhage scale for education includes 7 ascending categories, ranging from one (representing less than six years of primary education) to 7 (representing a university degree). EOAD LOAD p-value Sample size, n 35 44 Age-at-PET, y 59 (5) 71 (5) <0.001 Females, n (%) 19 (54) 23 (52) 0.724 APOE ε4 carriership, n 24/35 31/40 0.541 Education (Verhage scale*) 6 [3-7] 6 [3-7] 0.318 MMSE 23 (4) 23 (4) 0.815 Cognition Sample size (n) 30 42 RAVLT immediate recall 29 (8) 23 (9) 0.013 RAVLT delayed 3 (3) 2 (3) 0.329 Digit span forward 11 (2) 11 (3) 0.817 Digit span backward 7 (2) 7 (3) 0.069 Trail Making Test-A, sec 100 (88) 68 (43) 0.045 Trail Making Test-B, sec 334 (323) 244 (167) 0.112 Letter fluency test (D-A-T) 33 (12) 32 (11) 0.904 Category fluency Animals 17 (6) 14 (5) 0.076 5
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