58 Chapter 3 the interval between the index and reference test was not indicated. All studies scored low on applicability concerns regarding patient selection. Applicability concerns for the index test were raised in four studies where, for example, thresholds were specified according to another cancer (i.e. cervical cancer) or sample type (e.g. tissue). In case the execution of the reference standard was not clearly stated, the applicability concerns were also scored unclear. The studies with low, or limited, risk of bias concerns were performed by Huang et al. (24), Liew et al. (13) and Wentzensen et al. (27). Figure 2: Risk of bias and applicability concerns summary: review authors’ judgments about each domain for each included study. Overview constructed using Review Manager 5.3 software.
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