182 Chapter 7 or between the two days. Parameter estimates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals and variance components are displayed in Table 2. The cfDNA concentration found in males was significantly lower as compared to females (p=0.034; Wald test). Age, weight, therapy during urine collection, survival, tumor stage, or tumor histology were not associated with the cfDNA concentration. Table 1: Baseline characteristics of the 23 NSCLC patients. Age Median (IQR) 69 (65-75) Sex n % Female 9 39.1 Male 14 60.9 Histology n % Adenocarcinoma 15 65.2 Squamous cell carcinoma 5 21.7 Carcinoma NOS 3 13.0 TNM Stage* n % IIb 1 4.3 IIIa 3 13.0 IIIb 3 13.0 IVa 10 43.5 IVb 6 26.1 Smoking status n % Current 4 17.4 Former 13 56.5 Never 1 4.3 Unknown 5 21.7 *Staging was conform the revised 8th edition of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) criteria. IQR = interquartile range, NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer, NOS = not otherwise specified. Between- and within-subject variation Similarly, the variation in cfDNA concentration was assessed at the individual patient level, as illustrated in Figure 2. The ICC value was 0.49, meaning that 49% of the variance is due to variability between patients, and 51% of the variance can be explained by variability within patients. Parameter estimates of cfDNA concentrations measured over time are summarized in Table 2.
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