3 63 MACHINE LEARNING SUPPORTING SUBSTITUTIONS IN SOCCER 3.1.2 Entire match players versus substitutes The average total distance covered by substitutes is higher than the average total distance covered by entire match players: 5123 ± 397m versus 4906 ± 225m (P < 0.001, ε2 = 0.12) in the second half. In addition, there was a significant difference in distance covered between substitutes and the entire match between the 60-75 minutes (P < 0.001, ε2 = 0.19) and 75-90 minutes of the match (P < 0.001, ε2 = 0.12). (Figure 6) The distance covered in speed category for VLIR (P < 0.001, ε2 = 0.32), LIR (P < 0.001, , ε2 = 0.75), and MIR (P < 0.001, ε2 = 0.23) of the substitutes in the second half is higher for the entire match players in the second half. Furthermore, distance covered in speed category showed a decline for the entire match players in the speed categories MIR, HIR, and VHIR in the second half, while there was no such decline for substitutes. The energy expenditure of the substitutes was higher in the second 15-minute period (7.11 ± 0.86kJ kg-1 vs. 6.69 ± 0.71) (P = 0.007, ε2 = 0.002) and the last 15-minute period (7.31 ± 0.72 vs. 6.53 ± 0.72) (P < 0.001, ε2 = 0.02) of the second half compared to the entire match players. In contrast to the substitutes, entire match players showed a decline in energy expenditure over the three 15-minute periods in the second half (P < 0.001, ε2 = 0.06). Figure 6. Average distance entire match players versus substitutes second half.
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