Thesis

5A 115 INCREASING WORKLOAD RELATES TO INJURY RISK IN RUNNING Table 4. Frequency workload classifications and boundaries. Workload category z-Score Acute Workload AU Chronic workload AU Weekly ACWR ratio Very low ≤ -2.00 0 43 59 Low -1.99 - -1.00 193 171 77 Moderate low -0.99 - -0.01 589 556 621 Moderate high 0.00 – 0.99 533 541 734 High 1.00 – 1.99 173 181 19 Very high ≥ 2.00 42 38 20 Workload difference category z-Score Week-to-week ACWR difference Fortnightly ACWR difference High decrease ≤ -2.00 22 40 Moderate decrease -1.99 - -1.00 55 78 Low decrease -0.99 - -0.01 623 578 Low increase 0.00 – 0.99 761 714 Moderate increase 1.00 – 1.99 61 98 High increase ≥ 2.00 8 22 AU = Arbitrary Units, ACWR = Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio 3.2. Injuries During the 24 months, 21 runners sustained one or more injuries (Table 5). Initially, 57 injuries were identified with an average injury rate of 3.6/1000 h. Four injuries skewed the mean recovery time, accounting for 1002 recovery days out of 3247 recovery days. Table 5. Overview of the injuries. Injuries Male Female Total Runners with no injuries (Frequency) 1 0 1 Runners with one injury (Frequency) 2 2 4 Runners with two injuries (Frequency) 5 2 7 Runners with three injuries (Frequency) 3 0 3 Runners with four injuries (Frequency) 4 2 6 Runners with five injuries (Frequency) 0 0 0 Runners with six injuries (Frequency) 1 0 1 Injury location (back/hip/knee/calf-Achilles/ankle-foot) (Frequency) 3/5/9/17/7 2/1/0/7/7 5/6/9/24/14 Time to recovery (days; median(range)) 48(7-201) 77(9-306) 56 (7-306) 3.3. Association There were no associations (P<0.05) between the acute workload, the chronic workload or the weekly ACWR and the injury risk. However, two ACWR difference categories showed significant associations with the injury risk: (i) the fortnightly ACWR difference

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