Chapter 4 70 Social-economic factors Social-economic prognostic factors reported in more than one study included, education, social support, age, gender, employment status, income, marital status and physical health. Higher education and better physical health were the only social-economic factors to be predictive of exercise adherence. Moderate and lowquality evidence suggested that being higher educated and having a better physical health predicted higher exercise adherence. The pooled ORs showed a significant better adherence rate; education OR = 2.07 (95%CI 1.51, 2.82; I2 = 50% and physical health OR = 1.67 (95%CI 1.20, 2.31, I2 = 0%) (Figure 3). To address heterogeneity in the prognostic factor education a subgroup analysis was performed on the covariate disease. A significant subgroup difference was found (p < 0.01), however the number of studies included in the analysis is small (three cancer and five other) but there was low unexplained heterogeneity (both cancer and other I2 = 0%), so there is some evidence to conclude that the type of chronic disease could explain the heterogeneity in the prognostic factor education; ORcancer = 1.39 (95%CI 1.14, 1.69; I2 = 0%) and ORother = 3.11 (95%CI 2.04, 4.74; I2 = 0%). Low-quality evidence suggested that having more social support (OR = 1.37) may be predictive of better exercise adherence, although not significant and two studies [34, 58] reporting that more social support was predictive of lower exercise adherence. Figure 3 Forest plot social-economic factors
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