Chapter 4 68 When examining the covariate disease, a statistically significant subgroup difference (p < 0.01) was found for the prognostic factor motivation. However, the subgroup cancer included only one study, that of Parker et al. [63]. The subgroup analysis by design gave no statistical difference between the two groups (p = 0.32), with the study of Parker et al. being the outlier (high RoB). Thus, heterogeneity could not be explained by subgroups, but by the study of Parker et al. The overall pooled effects seem robust enough to the influence of methodological and clinical heterogeneity in the studies and can be considered as study effects of this systematic review with some confidence. Moderate-quality evidence suggested that having the intention to exercise (OR = 1.47) and having a positive attitude (OR = 1.76) may be predictive of better exercise adherence, although not significant.
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