81 Randomized controlled trial of a social network intervention 3 (Lamers et al., 2011). The mean score of the psychological, emotional, and social wellbeing scales – the (positive) mental wellbeing score – will be the primary outcome of this study. Assessment of the primary outcome variable will be conducted at baseline and 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after baseline. The mean difference of the mental wellbeing score between groups over time – from baseline to assessment at 12 months – will be chosen as the main outcome measure of this study. Table 1 provides an overview of all instruments and the corresponding time of assessment. Key secondary outcome measures Psychiatric functioning The Health of the Nations Outcome Scales (HoNOS) is a 12-item, 4-point Likert-type scale, for the assessment of general and psychiatric functioning of people with severe mental problems (Mulder et al., 2004a, 2004b; Wing et al., 1998). The HoNOS consists of four subscales: behavioral problems, deficiencies, symptomatology, and social problems. The Dutch version of the HoNOS is widely used by clinicians. It is a valid instrument for the assessment of the effectiveness of mental health services, with good overall interrater and test-retest reliability, criterion validity and concurrent validity (Mulder et al., 2004a; Orrell, Yard, Handysides, & Schapira, 1999; Wing et al., 1998). The Dutch version of the HoNOS will be completed by a researcher at baseline and follow-up assessments at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after baseline, based on observations during assessment and information from the electronic patient file. In addition, the number of renewed hospitalizations will be monitored throughout the study. We will ask participants whether and how frequently they have been hospitalized at all assessments. The number of hospitalizations during the study will also be gathered from electronic patient files. Criminal recidivism Self-reported criminal recidivism will be measured with 29 items of the Self-Reported Delinquency scale (SRD) (van der Laan, Blom, & Kleemans, 2009). Participants are asked if they have committed a list of 29 specific criminal activities (yes/no). Furthermore, they are asked to make an estimation about the number of total criminal activities throughout their lives and in the past 6 months. The criminal activities vary from minor to rare and serious offences. A total delinquency score can be obtained and the total delinquency score can also be divided into five subscale scores: public order offenses, property crimes, violent crimes, drug-related crimes and owning illegal weapons. Self-report approaches of criminal recidivism have demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity (Thornberry & Krohn,
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