147 Effectiveness of a social network intervention 5 the number of incarcerations at 18-month follow-up could not be analyzed due to an overrepresentation of 0-values in the outcome variable. Regarding the other secondary outcomes, no significant between-group treatment effects were found on social network outcomes, such as network size, the availability of high-quality relationships in the core social network, positive social support, and loneliness, both on average over time and at different timepoints. Furthermore, also results of substance use generally showed no significant between-group treatment effects on average over time and at different timepoints. Noteworthy, inspection of effects on hard drug use at different timepoints (Appendix C, Table 1) revealed a significant treatment effect on hard drug use at 6-month follow-up in favor of TAU participants. The results indicate that participants in the TAU+FNC group reported 6.2 times more hard drug use on average at 6-month follow-up, compared to TAU (RRTAU+ = 6.159, 95% CI 1.177 to 32.238, p = 0.031). Lastly, no significant between-group treatment effects were found on quality of life and self-sufficiency (Table 2). Treatment effects of per-protocol analyses A complete overview of the adjusted treatment effects on the primary and key secondary outcomes, comparing the different compliance groups to TAU in the per-protocol analyses, are presented in Table 3. In general, the per-protocol analyses produced similar results as the intention-to-treat analyses, revealing no differential treatment effects on the primary outcome mental wellbeing and positive treatment effects on key secondary outcomes (i.e., duration of hospitalization in the internal mental healthcare institute and criminal behavior) in participants of the high compliance group compared to TAU. Further inspection of treatment effects in the different compliance groups showed significantly higher positive treatment effects on duration of hospitalization in the internal mental healthcare institute in high compliance participants compared to TAU. However, for criminal behavior, positive treatment effects in no compliance participants were slightly higher than in high compliance participants, although both were significantly better than TAU. Overall, no clear evidence of dose-response effects were found, as treatment effects of duration of hospitalization and criminal behavior did not increase as compliance increased.
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