146 Chapter 5 Treatment effects of intention-to-treat analyses A complete overview of the adjusted treatment effects from the intention-to-treat analyses of our primary and (key) secondary outcomes and the effects at 12- and 18-month follow-up are presented in Table 2. Results of crude and adjusted treatment effects on primary and (key) secondary outcomes, including all follow-up assessments (i.e., 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-up), can be found in the Appendix C, Table 1. Regarding mental wellbeing, in general, non-significant negative regression coefficients were found, indicating that treatment effects among participants in TAU+FNC compared to TAU did not differ significantly on average over time (adjusted mean difference =-0.193, 95% CI-0.434 to 0.047, p = 0.114). Furthermore, inspection of between-group treatment effects at different timepoints revealed significant lower mental wellbeing in TAU+FNC participants compared to TAU at 6-month follow-up (adjusted mean difference =-0.337, 95% CI-0.674 to 0.000, p = 0.050). Yet none of the effects were significant at other timepoints, including our primary effect of interest at 12-month follow-up (adjusted mean difference =-0.151, 95% CI-0.484 to 0.182, p = 0.373). From the results of the key secondary outcomes related to psychiatric functioning in Table 2, it is apparent that significant between-group treatment effects were found on duration of hospitalization in the internal mental healthcare institute within 12-month follow-up, as well as 18-months follow-up. Participants in the TAU group were hospitalized more days, compared to participants in the TAU+FNC group. Specifically, participants in the TAU group were hospitalized 2.1 times more days within 12-months (RRTAU+ = 0.483, 95% CI 0.252 to 0.926, p = 0.028), and 4.1 times more days within 18-months (RRTAU+ = 0.244, 95% CI 0.130 to 0.455, p < 0.001), compared to TAU+FNC participants. Furthermore, no significant treatment effects were found on the number of hospitalizations in the internal mental healthcare institute, the number of hospitalizations in addiction and psychiatric care, and general psychiatric functioning. For criminal recidivism, significant between-group treatment effects favoring the TAU+FNC group were found on criminal behavior. The effect on the number of criminal behaviors on average over time indicated that participants in the TAU group reported 2.9 times more criminal behaviors compared to TAU+FNC participants (RRTAU+ = 0.346, 95% CI 0.152 to 0.787, p = 0.011). At 18-month follow-up, TAU participants showed 5.6 times more criminal behaviors compared to TAU+FNC participants (RRTAU+ = 0.180, 95% CI 0.053 to 0.611, p = 0.006). The treatment effect on criminal behavior at 12-month follow-up indicated no significant difference between TAU and TAU+FNC participants. Furthermore, no significant treatment effects were found on incarceration. Noteworthy, the between-group effect of
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