139 Effectiveness of a social network intervention 5 Outcome measures In this study, we examined the primary outcome measure and (key) secondary outcome measures, as detailed in the study protocol (Swinkels et al., 2020). An overview of the outcome variables, instruments, and assessment timepoints from baseline to the final follow-up assessment (i.e., at 18 months) can be found in Chapter 3, Table 1. The primary outcome was the mean difference in self-reported mental wellbeing between groups at 12-month follow-up (i.e., post-test assessment), which was measured with the Dutch version of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) (Keyes, 2002) from baseline to 18-month follow-up. Key secondary outcomes were the difference between groups from baseline to 18-month follow-up or the number of events within 12- and 18-month follow-up on (1) psychiatric functioning including (a) observer-rated general psychiatric functioning assessed with the Health of the Nations Outcome Scales (HoNOS) (Mulder et al., 2004b;Wing et al., 1998), and (b) the number anddurationof hospitalizations in addiction and/or psychiatric healthcare institutes based on self-report questions and data from the institutes’ official medical record, and (2) criminal recidivism defined as (a) the total number of rule-breaking and criminal behaviors in the past 6 months measured with a self-report delinquency scale (van der Laan & Blom, 2006) and (b) the number of incarcerations measured with self-report questions. Other secondary outcomes are (3) social network including (a) the self-reported size of the core social network and quality of social relationships in the core network measured with a self-developed interview based on the Modified Multiple Generator and Name Generator/Interpreter method (Burt, 1984; Marin & Hampton, 2007), (b) self-reported positive social support measured with the Social Support List – Interactions (van Sonderen, 1993), and (c) self-reported loneliness measured with the Loneliness Scale (de Jong Gierveld & van Tilburg, 1999), (4) self-reported number of days and quantity of substance use assessed with the Measurement in the Addictions for Triage and Evaluation 2.1 (Schippers et al., 2011), (5) self-reported quality of life measured with the Dutch version of the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (Priebe et al., 1999), and (6) observer-rated self-sufficiency assessed with the Dutch version of the Self-Sufficiency Matrix (Fassaert et al., 2014). Additionally, demographic and patient characteristics (i.e., treatment histories, duration of outpatient care, and clinical diagnoses) were assessed with a self-developed questionnaire and obtained from the official medical record. The number of contact moments between participants and coaches of the FNC intervention group was documented. The duration of their contact (in months) was determined based on the official record of De Regenboog
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