104 Chapter 4 transcripts) were tracked and discussed in the research team. Candidate themes and subthemes were conceptualized from the initial codes. Hereafter, themes and subthemes were continually revised and refined, in consultation with members of the research team (MK and TP), following an iterative process. The final coding framework, including final codes and (sub)themes, was discussed with two authors (MK and TP). Final themes that were identified in the data reflected central concepts or patterns in participants’ responses related to our research aims (i.e., examining participants’ experiences with FNC). Coded text segments could be included in multiple (sub)themes, allowing overlap between themes. Three researchers (LS, MK, and TP) selected captivating text segments or quotations that illustrated themes. If necessary, the original Dutch quotations used in this article were slightly modified to ensure the privacy of participants, and then translated into English by two researchers (LS and JH). Descriptive statistics features in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics, 2019), version 26, were used to analyze socio-demographic and other quantitative data of participants. RESULTS Characteristics of participants A total of 22 patients, aged between 17 and 60 years (mean = 43.1, SD = 12.7), and 14 coaches, aged between 27 and 66 years (mean = 39.4, SD = 13.0), were included in the qualitative study. The patient sample consisted of predominantly males (n = 21). Most patients were diagnosed with a primary substance use disorder (n = 11). Furthermore, there was a high prevalence of comorbidities among the patients (n = 19), for example patients with multiple substance use disorders and patients with substance use disorders combined with other psychiatric disorders, personality disorders or intellectual disabilities. The majority of patients (n = 15) had face-to-face contact with their coach during their coaching trajectories. However, only nine patients met with their coach on a regular basis, more than 11 times. Seven patients reported having no contact (i.e., face-to-face, ear-to-ear, and messaging) with their coaches. The coach sample also consisted of predominantly males (n = 11). In contrast to the patients, all coaches completed a bachelor’s or higher education level (n = 14) and had paid employment (n = 12) or were retired (n = 2). Most coaches had previous experience as a volunteer coach (n = 8) and no personal experience with mental health (n = 11), addiction (n = 11), or criminal problems (n = 12). General characteristics of patients and coaches are presented in Table 1.
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