92 | Chapter 4 Results Figure 1 shows the final coding template, that consists of three themes: SRL with(out) the portfolio, stakeholder dynamics and ambiguities. The themes are represented by sevens main codes, each containing different sub codes. Two of the main codes (‘portfolio practices’ and ‘interactional processes’) relate to two themes, the other main codes all correspond to one of the three themes. Below we discuss these themes and their interactions. We indicate relevant stakeholder group(s) to which findings apply. Findings that applied to all three stakeholder groups are indicated by ‘respondents’. SRL with(out) the portfolio During the focus groups that were moderated with the first version of the interview guide, it became clear that respondents did not directly associate portfolio use with SRL, as they primarily focused on user-friendliness and portfolio assessment when asked about experiences with portfolio use. When topics related to SRL, e.g. learning objectives, were discussed, this usually led to negative responses. Also, in the focus groups that did actively target learning by use of the second version of the interview guide, it became clear that respondents were doubtful about the learning benefits of the portfolio. While they agreed that portfolio use should help trainees take charge of their learning process, many stated that this was currently hardly the case. Current portfolio practice of trainees was instead referred to as “checking off”: trainees used the portfolio perfunctorily to document information that they considered to be required. T rainee 15: Well, you can’t get out of it. You put things in there because you have to, and in retrospect you can then say: ok, I’ve herded it all in one place which kind of structures it, because all the relevant bits are in one place, but it doesn’t contribute to my learning process. It’s keeping up, because you should. Multiple trainees explained that the time and effort needed to check everything off interfered with their opportunities to work on personal learning objectives. T rainee 7: That I can discuss my learning objectives more often: what do I want to work on, how would I like to develop myself. That is what I want to emphasise, and currently the emphasis is on the 25 practical skills and that I have checked these off and that I have completed a reflection and a miniCEX, because otherwise I will not have enough input. That is what it is about now, I think that is a pity. Nevertheless, there were a few trainees that described SRL in relation to portfolio use. They explained that they used their portfolio to formulate learning objectives and to monitor their competency development. Documenting in the portfolio and looking back on previous documentation, helped them to critically review their learning.
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