Part II | Vascular risk factors for depression and apathy 87 5 Results Participants The 663 study participants had a mean age of 46.5 years (range 18-86 years) and 66.5% were female. See table 1 for all other characteristics. Of the 663 participants, 29 (4.4%) did not return the SAS and 19 (2.9%) did not answer to some of the questions on the SAS. Of the 615 participants that returned the SAS, 44.3% were apathetic (cut-off ≥14), the mean score was 18.4 (SD 5.4). Not returning the SAS or missing values on the SAS were not significantly related to gender, age, education, the identified mood factor, vascular risk factors or vascular diseases. Table 1. Characteristics of the study population (N=663) Characteristics: Values Demographics: - Age (years) mean (SD) 46.5 (16.1) - Female sex n (%) 441 (66.5) - Level of education: - Basic n (%) 55 (8.3) - Intermediate n (%) 407 (61.4) - High n (%) 201 (30.3) Psychopathology: - SAS mean (SD) 18,4 (5.4) - IDS-SR mean (SD) 16,0 (10.7) - Use of benzodiazepines n (%) 83 (12.5) - Use of antipsychotics n (%) 27 (4.1) - Use of antidepressants n (%) 224 (33.8) Vascular risk factors & health: - Smoking n (%) 182 (27.5) - lBMI mean (SD) 26.8 (5.0) - Systolic blood pressure mean (SD) 135.7 (18.4) - Diastolic blood pressure mean (SD) 79.5 (9.6) - Ankle brachial index mean (SD) 1.2 (0.1) - Diabetes mellitus n (%) 29 (4.4) - Cardiac disease n (%) 57 (8.6) - Cerebrovascular accident n (%) 22 (3.3) - Handgrip strength mean (SD) 32.0 (16.9) Abbreviations: SAS, Starkstein apathy scale; IDS-SR, Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report
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