Vascular risk factors for depression and apathy | Part 1 68 Table 2. Differences between depressed men and women in the study sample Depressed Men (n=134) Depressed Women (n=157) Depressed Women vs. Men Variable Median (IQR) Median (IQR) Mean diff.(95%-CI) Age continuous 78.2 (73.6-83.5) 77.6 (73.2-82.6) 0.0 (-1.4-1.4) Neuroticism (0-12) continuous 4.7 (3.0-7.0) 6.0 (4.0-8.0) 1.4 (0.7-2.0) Variable Number (%) Number (%) OR (95%-CI) Marital Status currently living together 78 (58.2) 50 (31.8) 1 currently living alone 56 (41.8) 107 (68.2) 3.0 (1.8-4.8) History of Depression not present 122 (91.0) 131 (83.4) 1 present 12 (9.0) 26 (16.6) 2.0 (0.98-4.2) Disability no 109 (81.3) 99 (63.1) 1 present 25 (18.7) 58 (36.9) 2.6 (1.5-4.4) Education low level (indicator) 70 (52.2) 115 (73.2) 1 medium level 26 (19.4) 25 (15.9) 0.6 (0.3-1.1) high level 38 (28.4) 17 (10.8) 0.3 (0.1-0.5) Vascular disease none (indicator) 55 (41.0) 84 (53.5) 1 ≥2 vascular risk factors 9 (6.7) 22 (14.0) 1.6 (0.7-3.7) cardiac disease 51 (38.1) 38 (24.2) 0.5 (0.3-0.8) stroke 19 (14.2) 13 (8.3) 0.4 (0.2-0.98) Other chronic diseases none (indicator) 76 (56.7) 50 (31.8) 1 1 comorbid disease 40 (29.9) 85 (54.1) 2.1 (1.3-3.6) ≥2comorbid diseases 18 (13.4) 22 (14.0) 0.8 (0.7-3.0) Abbrevations: IQR, interquartile range; diff, difference; 95%-CI, 95%-confidence interval The first model included gender, age, education, marital status, a history of depression, disability and comorbid diseases as independent variables in a model for the prediction of CRDS. Adding neuroticism improved the model significantly (Chi-square: 267.8, p<0.001; Nagelkerke R2: 0.334). When vascular disease level 1, 2 and 3 was added the model was further improved (Chi-square: 11.8, p<0.01; Nagelkerke R2: 0.345). Next, a three-way interaction factor was added indicating gender-differences in the interaction between neuroticism and vascular disease, while correcting for possible lower-order interactions. This model was significantly better than the earlier model (Chi-square: 17.5, p<0.05; Nagelkerke R2: 0.366). These results supported stratification on gender to study the interaction between neuroticism and vascular disease.
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