Part 1 | Vascular risk factors for depression and apathy 53 3 Stratified analyses by neuroticism status in participants without cardiac disease (n = 1,649) showed that when adjusted for covariates, depression predicted incident stroke in those with low neuroticism (n = 838): HR depressive symptoms = 1.05 (95% CI 1.00-1.09) (p = 0.033) and HR clinically relevant depressive symptoms = 4.53 (95% CI 1.72-11.9) (p = 0.002), respectively, but not in those with high neuroticism (n = 811): HR depressive symptoms = 1.01 (95% CI 0.96-1.05) (p = 0.82) and HR clinically relevant depressive symptoms = 0.78 (95% CI 0.30-2.06) (p = 0.62), respectively. The figure presents the absolute stroke rates per 1,000 person-years by depression and neuroticism status in patients with no cardiac history (n = 1,649). Stratifying on dichotomized CES-D scores and neuroticism scores (as done in the figure) results in low numbers per group. In the nondepressed group (n = 1,463), 5.2% (42/805) of persons with low neuroticism had an incident stroke, vs 5.0% (33/658) of persons with high neuroticism. In the depressed group (n = 186), 15.2% (5/33) of persons with low neuroticism had an incident stroke, vs 3.3% (5/153) of persons with high neuroticism. As dichotomized data are more prone to chance findings, we also reanalyzed the data using 10Log transformation of neuroticism and the sum score of the CES-D. These analyses fully supported the results (data not shown). Figure 1. Absolute stroke rates per 1,000 person-years by depression and neuroticism status in patients with no cardiac history (n=1,649) Neuroticism Low neuroticism High neuroticism Stroke rates / 1 000 person years 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 No depression Depression
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