Vascular risk factors for depression and apathy | Part 1 52 Results by level of neuroticism Table 3 shows the effect of depression and neuroticism on the onset of stroke in patients with and without cardiac disease separately. Adjusted for covariates, the interaction term of neuroticism (median split) by depression was only significant in patients without cardiac disease. Table 3. Models for Stroke which include interaction neuroticism (median split) by depression* No cardiac disease Cardiac disease** HR [95% CI] p-value HR [95% CI] p-value Model 1: • CESD score 1.12 [1.03 – 1.22] .008 0.97 [0.79 – 1.20] .776 • Neuroticism 1.06 [0.57 – 1.98] .854 0.74 [0.23 – 2.44] .625 • CESD by Neuroticism 0.94 [0.89 – 0.99] .028 1.05 [0.94 – 1.17] .440 Model 2: • CESD score ≥16 42.6 [5.23 – 347] <.001 0.37 [0.01 – 26.3] .649 • Neuroticism 0.85 [0.54 – 1.35 .484 1.04 [0.43 – 2.48] .936 • CESD by Neuroticism 0.12 [0.03- 0.45] .002 2.60 [0.27 – 25.2] .408 Adjusted for age, sex, cognitive functioning, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, functional limitations, and hypertension. Abbrevations: CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale Removing the interaction termfromanalyseswithin those participantswith cardiac disease (n = 401) showed that depression predicted incident stroke (HR depressive symptoms = 1.05 [95% CI 1.01-1.10], p = 0.020; HR clinically relevant depressive symptoms = 2.08 [95% CI 0.93-4.63, p = 0.075, respectively]), whereas neuroticism did not (HR 1.06 [95% CI 0.47-2.38], p = 0.88; and HR 1.23 [95% CI 0.57-2.68], p = 0.60, respectively). Neuroticism was not identified as an independent predictor of stroke risk in any of the models (all p values > 0.05).
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