Part 1 | Vascular risk factors for depression and apathy 51 3 severity of depressive symptoms by cardiac disease status was 1.06 (95% CI 1.01-1.11) (p = 0.032). Therefore, all analyses will be stratified for baseline cardiac disease status. For the present article, we examined interaction terms between depression and neuroticism on incidence of stroke when stratified for preexisting cardiac disease using multiple Cox regression analyses. In case of significant interactions with neuroticism, results are presented separately for participants with low and high neuroticism scores. All analyses were conducted in SPSS (Chicago, IL) for Macintosh 2011. We considered p values <0.05 as significant. Results Baseline characteristics The mean (SD) age of the 2,050 study participants was 69.3 (8.5) years and 1,046 (51.0%) were women (table 1). At baseline, 261 (12.7%) participants had clinically relevant depressive symptoms, whereas the median neuroticism score was 4.0 (interquartile range 7.0). A total of 117 incident strokes occurred during follow-up, resulting in an overall stroke rate of 7.0 per 1,000 person-years. Table 2 presents the baseline characteristics by cardiac disease status. Table 2. Characteristics of included patients by cardiac disease status Characteristic No cardiac disease (n=1649) Cardiac disease (n=410) Statistics Age (years) Mean (SD) 68.6 (8.4) 72.4 (8.3) p<.001 Female sex n (%) 889 (53.9%) 157 (39.2%) p<.001 Cognitive functioning (MMSE score) Mean (SD) 27.5 (2.3) 27.2 (2.4) p=.007 Depressive symptoms (CESD score) Mean (SD) 7.1 (7.2) 8.9 (8.3) p<.001 Neuroticism (DPQ score) median (IQR) 4.0 (7.0) 5.0 (9.0) p=.018 One or more functional limitations n (%) 520 (31.7%) 208 (52.4%) p<.001 Smoking (yes) n (%) 384 (24.6%) 93 (23.8%) p=.752 Stage 1 or 2 hypertension n (%) 398 (25.8%) 81 (21.0%) p=.052 Diabetes mellitus n (%) 159 (9.6%) 65 (16.2%) p<.001 Obesity n (%) 251 (17.0%) 72 (20.1%) p=.160 Use of antidepressants n (%) 32 (2.0%) 5 (1.3%) p=.319 Incident stroke n (%) 85 (5.2%) 32 (8.0%) p=.029 Abbrevations: Standard deviation; n, number of participants, MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; DPQ, Dutch Personality Questionnaire; IQR, Interquartile Range
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