Part 1 | Vascular risk factors for depression and apathy 35 2 Table 1. Baseline Characteristics Characteristic ValueA Age, mean (SD), y 70.5 ( 8.7) Abbreviations: CRDSs, clinically relevant depressive symptoms, MDD, major depressive disorder, MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination. A Data are presented as number (percentage) of participants (N=2965) unless otherwise indicated. B The range was from 0 to 30. MMSE score, mean (SD)B 27.0 (2.9) MDD 58 (2.0) CRDS 430 (14.5) Women 1546 (52.1) Functional limitations ≥1 1173 (39.6) Smoking 648 (21.9) Hypertension stage 1 or 2 623 (21.0) Cardiac disease 611 (20.6) Diabetes mellitus 358 (12.1) Obesity 457 (15.4) The overall rate of stroke was 7.7 per 1000 person-years: the rate of first nonfatal stroke was 2.8 per 1000 person-years, and the rate of fatal stroke was 4.9 per 1000 person-years. The rate of incident stroke was higher, but not significantly so, among participants with CRDSs at baseline (P = .10), as shown in Table 2. On univariate analysis, cardiac disease at baseline (P < .001), older age (P < .001), poorer MMSE performance (P < .01), more functional limitations (P < .01), diabetes mellitus (P < .001), and hypertension (P < .001) were associated with a higher incidence of stroke. The use of antidepressants (49 participants [1.7%]) was not associated with incident stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.05-2.52; P = .30). Table 2. Stroke Rates and Univariate Cox Regression on Incident Stroke Variable No. of Strokes per 1000 Person-years Wald statistic HR (95% CI) P value CRDS no 7.4 yes 10.11 2.645 1.39 (0.94-2.1) .10 Cardiac disease no 6.7 yes 11.9 11.91 1.78 (1.28-2.47) <.001 Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CRDS, clinically relevant depressive symptoms; HR, hazard ratio
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