Part II | Vascular risk factors for depression and apathy 113 6 Author Year Population Study design Number of participants MRI† DTI‡ Proxy for subclinical small vessel disease Apathy instrument Results Quality Guercio et al, 2015B General population Cross-sectional 66 MRI† Cortical thickness Apathy evaluation scale Inferior temporal cortex: beta 18.07 (6.45-29.70); p=0.004 Anterior cingulate cortex: beta-10.03 (-19.38—0.068); p=0.04 Not high (7/16) Delrieu et al, 2015 MCI patients Case-control 65 MRI† and FDGPET‡‡ Brain volume WMH§ volume Reduced glucose metabolism Neuropsychiatric inventory apathy scale WMH§ and no apathy versus apathy 0.9 (0.5) versus 0.5 (0.1); p=0.678 High (6/9) Moonen et al, 2017 General population Cross-sectional 195 MRI† and DTI‡ Fractial anisotropy Mean Diffusivity Axial diffusivity Radial diffusivity Apathy scale Fractial anisotropy: 0.62 (-0.04-1.028); p=0.07 (model 3) High (10/16) Xu et al., 2017 General population Cross-sectional 802 MRI† Cerebral microbleeds Neuropsychiatric Inventory apathy scale No cerebral microbleed versus one : 0.04 (0.39) versus 0.25 (1.44); p=0.02 High (11/16) Legend: † MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; ‡ DTI: diffusion tensor imaging; § WMH: white matter hyperintensities; ¶ MCI: minimal cognitive impairment; †† GDS-3A: three apathy items of the geriatric depression scale; ‡‡ FDG-PET: fludeoglucose positron-emission tomography. High quality: ≥60% of the maximum score.
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