64 CHAPTER 4 (CFS: 3 [2–4]). The majority of admission types was medical (52%) and the median LOS ICU was 5 [4–10] days (Table 1). Patients in the physical NR-group were older, were more frail, had a higher LOS ICU, and were in need of mechanical ventilation for a longer period of time. 4.3.3 Baseline HRQoL and frailty In the three months before ICU-admission, patients allocated to the NR-group scored significantly lower on physical HRQoL domains (Physical functioning, Role physical, Energy/Fatigue, Bodily pain) and general health perception (Table 1). In addition, these patients were more frail before ICU-admission (CFS 2 versus 3, with score 2 indicating ‘Well/Fit’, i.e. no active disease symptoms, and score 3 indicating ‘Managingwell’, i.e.medical problems arewell controlled). There were no differences in mental HRQoL or health change subscale-scores. 4.3.4 P hysical functioning at baseline and at three, six, and twelve months In the R-group, a statistically significant increase in the PF-domain score was observed over time (χ2 = 8.424, p = 0.038). Post-hoc analyses indicated a significant difference after correcting for multiple testing in PF-domain scores when comparing physical functioning at both three and six months with scores at twelve months (p = 0.006 and p = 0.004, respectively). In contrast, domain scores in the NR-group remained unaltered (χ2 = 7.284, p = 0.063). Between-group analysis revealed that PF-domain scores were significantly higher for theR-groupatbaseline, at three, andat sixmonthsafter ICU-admission (p < 0.001)(Figure 2). Table 1. Continued. Characteristics All NR at 12m R at 12m p-value N=65 N=36 (55%) N=29 (45%) ICU-morbidity LOS ICU 5 [4-10] 7 [4-15] 4 [3-8] 0.006 Mechanical ventilation (days) 3 [1-6] 4 [2-10] 2 [1-4] 0.009 Renal replacement therapy 11 (17) 7 (19) 4 (14) 0.742 Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CFS, Clinical Frailty Scale; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; CVA, Cerebrovascular Accident; CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease; CPR, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; LOS, Length of Stay; ICU, Intensive Care Unit amulticomorbidity was indicated as at least two medical comorbidities at baseline
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