26 CHAPTER 2 was assessed using the Barthel Index Score (BIS); a 10-item survey with a score range of 0–20 points.15 Handgrip strength of the right hand (kg), also at discharge and 3-months after ICU-admission, was measured using a handheld dynamometer and transformed to a score relative to an age-adjusted reference value.16 Mobility was tested using the Morton Mobility Index (MMI)-score at discharge and 3-months after ICU-admission.17 This survey consisted of 15 items with a score range of 0–19 points which were transformed to a relative score from 0–100 percent. Additionally, walking distance and balance were measured at the specialised post-ICU clinic at 3-months after ICU-discharge using the 14-item Berg Balance Scale (BBS), with a score range of 0–56, and the 6-minute walking test (6-MWT), which measured the distance (m) walked in 6 minutes relative to an age-adjusted reference value (%).18,19 In all physical tests a higher score indicated a better outcome. After retrieval, all data were coded and processed in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation. 2.2.4 Statistical analysis All data were extracted from the electronic patient files and transferred to a coded data file in January, 2019. Variables were summarised as median [interquartile range, IQR] and number (percentage) for continuous or categorical variables, respectively. At baseline, ICU-discharge, and 3-months after ICU- discharge, characteristics were compared between the R-group and NR-group using either the Mann-Whitney U test or the 2-sided Pearson Chi-Square test, as appropriate. Variables with a clinically relevant difference (p≤0.25) were considered for further analysis. A sample size-appropriate selection of these variables was made using both clinical experience and relevant literature regarding their already known effect on recovery and outcome. This selection was assessed for significant correlations with recovery, i.e. reaching the age- Table 1. Timeline of standard care data collection. ICU-admission Sex, Age, APACHE III-score, Comorbidities, Admission type, Diagnosis 'Sepsis', Diagnosis 'After CPR' ICU-discharge LOS ICU, Days of mechanical ventilation, Need for renal replacement therapy, Barthel Index Score, Hand grip strength (right hand), Morton Mobility Index score 3-month visit post-ICU outpatient clinic Barthel Index Score, Handgrip strength, Morton Mobility Index score, 6-Minute Walking Test-score, Berg Balance Scale, RAND-36 physical functioning subscale score 12-month follow-up RAND-36 physical functioning subscale score
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