12 CHAPTER 1 protocol, retrospective study setting, and high heterogeneity of the patient population.31 Additionally, exercise and nutritional targets are not always met due to various disease and treatment-related barriers.32,33 Regarding nutritional therapy, which primarily focusses on energy and protein intake to facilitate high energy expenditure and muscle preservation, common barriers are appetite and taste changes or alterations in dietary protocols after transfer to the general hospital ward (Figure 3).34,35 In general, patients are transferred either to a general ward or a rehabilitation facility after ICU-discharge.36 Rehabilitation practices after ICU are primarily focussed on regaining functional independence to facilitate the transfer to the Figure 2. Possible trajectories of ICU-patients with and without frailty at admission.27 Adapted with permission of the American Thoracic Society. Copyright © 2022 American Thoracic Society. All rights reserved.
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