122 CHAPTER 7 Table 1. Continued. Author (year) Design Aim of study PP or CPE intervention vs. comparator Sample size Koekkoek2 (2019) NRSI Determine the best timing + dose of protein intake to support the lowest 6-month mortality >1.2 g/kg/day <0.8 g/kg/day or 0.8-1.2 g/kg/day 63/128 Nakamura3 (2021) RCT Evaluate the impact of high or medium protein under equal energy delivery 92 g/L EN 1.8 g/kg/day 42 g/L EN 0.9 g/kg/day 25/31 Nakamura3 (2021) RCT Evaluate the impact of high or mediumprotein under equal energy delivery with or without active rehabilitation + EMS* 92 g/L EN 1.8 g/kg/day (+ rehabilitation + EMS)* 42 g/L EN 0.9 g/kg/day (+ rehabilitation + EMS)* 35/26 Nicolo4 (2016) NRSI Evaluate the impact of protein delivery on mortality and time to discharge alive ≥80% of 1.2 g/ kg/day (=0.96 g/kg) <80% of 1.2 g/ kg/day (=0.96g/kg) 686/2142 Song5 (2017) NRSI Evaluate the relationship between nutritional intake provided during the early phase of ICUadmission and clinical outcomes >90% of 1.2 g/ kg/day (=1.08 g/kg) <90% of 1.2 g/ kg/day (=1.08g/kg) 34/152 Wandrag (2019) RCT (pilot) Determine the expected rate of recruitment, if MV patients represent the feasible population for intervention, feasibility to routinely deliver an L-EAA supplement, and measure outcomes 1.2 g/kg/day + 25g L-EAA 1.2 g/kg/day 4/4 Zanten (2018) RCT To investigate protein and energy intake, gastrointestinal tolerance, the safety of a very high protein formula 100 g/L EN 63 g/L EN 22/22 Abbreviations: APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (score range 0-71). BMI: body mass index kg/m2. ICU-LOS: intensive care unit length of stay. EMS: electrical muscle stimulation. EN: enteral nutrition. EQ-5D-5L: 5-level EuroQOL 5 Dimension. FSS-ICU: functional status score for the ICU. Katz-ADL: Katz activities of daily living index. MRC-SS: medical research council sum score. NUTRIC: nutritional risk in the critically ill. PCS-SF36: physical component score-short form 36 health survey. PFIT: physical function in intensive care unit test. PN: parenteral nutrition. RCT: randomised controlled trial. SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment (score range 0-24). - not reported / unretrievable.
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