120 CHAPTER 7 Table 1. Characteristics of the studies included in this review. Author (year) Design Aim of study PP or CPE intervention vs. comparator Sample size Allingstrup (2017) RCT Assess the effects of measured energy and protein requirements ≥1.5 g/kg/day 1.2 g/kg/day 100/99 Arabi (2018) NRSI Investigate if higher protein intake is associated with lower mortality and improved protein biomarkers >0.8 g/kg/day ≤ 0.8 g/kg/day 365/364 Azevedo (2019) RCT Evaluate the effect of high energy and protein vs. standard nutritional care 2.0-2.2 g/kg/day 1.4-1.5 g/kg/day 57/63 Bendavid (2019) NRSI Evaluate outcome in relation to the timing of protein delivery >0.7 g/kg/day <0.7 g/kg/day 1040/1213 Chapple (2020) RCT Evaluate effect high protein (according to international recommendations) vs. usual care 100g/L EN 63g/L EN 58/58 Efremov (2017) RCT Evaluate if early concentrated EN improves enteral energy and protein delivery 66.7g/L EN 38g/L EN 20/20 Ferrie (2016) RCT Comparison of standard amino acid intake with higher intake 1.2 g/kg/day (only parenteral) 0.8 g/kg/day (only parenteral) 59/60 Fetterplace (2018) RCT Evaluate the effect of high protein volumebased enteral feeding protocol with protein supplementation, vs. standard hourly-ratebased nutrition 1.5 g/kg/day 1.0 g/kg/day 30/30 Jeong1 (2019) NRSI Evaluate the relationship between nutritional support and mortality using NUTRIC score in patients with sepsis ≥1.2 g/kg/day < 1.0 g/kg/day 28/220
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