148 CHAPTER 7 » what other processes and structures are involved by applying paradigms, complementary to the one we used here, that take NA-specific factors into account. Areas of particular interest are assessment of the core sensorimotor system, exploration of the different stages of motor control, and differentiation between processing of sensory modalities (i.e. visual and proprioceptive) and their role in NA; » when to intervene, by investigating how cerebral mechanisms develop over the course of NA; » which patients could benefit from treatment focussed on cerebral mechanisms; » and how to target cerebral processes in NA through identifying effective rehabilitation strategies. Finally, due to its high incidence, heterogeneity and disease progression, NA may serve as a model for how the brain responds to peripheral (nerve) injury and its recovery. Our findings are likely relevant for other peripheral nervous system, neuromuscular, and musculoskeletal disorders involving the upper extremity, especially the shoulder. This includes disorders with a disease progression similar to that of NA (i.e. acute onset, occurrence of peripheral nerve recovery) such as traumatic brachial plexus injury. 98 Similar cerebral (mal)adaptations may contribute to persistent scapular dyskinesia in chronic, progressive disorders, such as facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, 238 and myotonic dystrophy. 239, 240
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