123 CEREBRAL ADAPTATION ASSOCIATED WITH PERIPHERAL NERVE RECOVERY IN NA 6 Figure 3 TIME x LATERALITY The figure shows the significant interaction between TIME (baseline, follow-up) and LATERALITY (right, left). Panels A. and B. show the masks for the region of interest analyses. Masks are taken from Lustenhouwer et al 20222, where NA patients had decreased activity compared to healthy participants during complex imagined movement of the affected limb. A. Right Extrastriate Cortex Region of Interest B. Bilateral Parieto-Occipital Sulcus Region of Interest C. TIME x LATERALITY: error rate showing the error rate for complex trials with the left (unaffected) and right (affected) upper extremity at baseline and follow-up (collapsed over group). The decrease in error rate between baseline and follow-up was significantly greater for the affected limb than for the unaffected limb. D. TIME x LATERALITY: parieto-occipital sulcus ROI-analysis showing TFCE map of increase in brain activity (across groups) from baseline to follow-up for the contrast right > left for complex trials only in the bilateral parieto-occipital sulcus region of interest. The bar graphs show the z-stat for the same contrast at baseline and follow-up for the largest of the 5 sub-clusters within the region of interest. E. TIME x LATERALITY: whole brain-analysis showing TFCE map of increase in brain activity from baseline to follow-up for the contrast right > left across intervention groups in three sub-clusters in the right dorsal visual stream, and a cluster in the left cuneus. The bar graphs show the z-stat for the same contrast at baseline and follow-up for the largest sub-cluster in the right superior lateral occipital cortex. See supplementary table 2 for cluster delineation. * = significant at p < 0.05; Error bars are +/- 1 standard deviation; individual data points are plotted on top of the bars, where group is indicated by cyan (rehabilitation program) and purple (usual care); L =l eft; POS = parietal-occipital sulcus; R = right; ROI = region of interest; TFCE = threshold-free cluster enhancement. Figure 4 Effect of group on clinical outcome The bars show the interaction betweenGROUP and TIME for A. SRQ-DLV score and B. Pain. Patients in the multidisciplinary rehabilitation group showed a significant improvement from baseline to follow-up in both SRQ-DLV score (i.e. functional capability of the upper extremity) and persistent pain, whereas patients in the usual care group did not show significant clinical improvements. * = significant difference at p < 0.05. Error bars are + 1 standard deviation; individual data points are plotted on top of the bars; SRQ-DLV = Shoulder Rating Questionnaire, Dutch Language Version; VAS = Visual Analogue Scale
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