138 Appendices APPENDIX A Aspects of teaching (items) related to the characteristics of effective teaching and teaching practices Aspects of teaching (items) Characteristic of effective teaching Related teaching practices 1 The teacher clearly indicated what I was going to learn. Clear instructional approach Share learning objectives with students at the beginning of the lesson; have a clear beginning for the lesson. 2 The teacher explained the subject matter in such a way that I understood it well. Clear instructional approach Introduce new material in small steps; give examples and model procedures; use clear language; make sure students have guided practice. 3 The teacher connected what I already knew with the lesson well. Clear instructional approach Review and connect with students’ prior knowledge. 4 The teacher checked whether I understood the subject matter well. Assessment for learning: formative evaluation Check for student understanding; monitor whether the subject matter is understood (by all students) during the lesson. 5 The teacher asked questions about the subject matter, which made me think. Cognitive activation and deep learning Ask students high-level questions frequently in order to promote deep learning; model assignments; solve subjectmatter-related problems together with students. 6 If I did not understand the subject matter, the teacher made sure I understood it. Adaptive instruction Differentiate instruction, processing and/or assessment, and adapt activities to the varying needs of students. 7 The teacher made sure we worked hard during the lesson. Well-organized and structured classroom management Ensure efficient classroom management and organization; correct disruptive behaviour effectively; have clear classroom rules and routines. 8 The teacher made sure I was not afraid to say if I did not understand something. Supportive and positive classroom climate Create a safe learning environment during the lesson. 9 The teacher created a good classroom climate. Good student-teacher interaction Teachers are supporting and leading. 10 The pace of the lesson was good for me. Adaptive instruction Adapt the pace of the lesson to the different learning needs of students.
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