12 The reliability and construct validity of student perceptions of teaching quality be collected again. Although Fraser’s steps seem obvious, the process of using student perceptions of teaching quality as data to improve teaching is complicated (Röhl et al., 2021). Several factors can hinder or stimulate teachers’ use of student feedback to improve their teaching (Wisniewski & Zierer, 2021), including teachers’ attitudes towards student feedback, their improvementoriented actions, characteristics of the school context, and data (system) characteristics (characteristics of the instrument or tool used for collecting the student perceptions). The factors influencing the use of student feedback by teachers and teachers’ improvement activities based on the student feedback are two other main topics of this dissertation. 1.5 THE IMPACT! TOOL Student perceptions of teaching quality can be collected efficiently by means of the digital Impact! tool, which allows students to use a digital device to provide teachers with feedback on a lesson. The Impact! tool was originally developed by the University of Twente for the purpose of the research included in this dissertation. A company developed the technical part of the Impact! tool, based on specifications from the author of this dissertation and her colleagues. Figure 1.1 shows an example of an item on a student phone (normally, questions are presented in Dutch). Students respond to the items on a 4-point Figure 1.1 Example of an item on a student phone
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjY0ODMw