Chapter 3. Do birds of a feather play football together? 61 segregation. For group versus non-group segregation, one simply uses the proportion of a group and the value of 1 minus that proportion as the two proportions for calculating entropy on both levels. For group versus group segregation, and T represent the size of the two groups on the club and population level, and one uses the proportions of these groups within these subpopulations to calculate entropy on both levels. While the entropy score is dependent on relative group size and number of groups, the information theory index is not. Therefore, the information theory index can be used to make direct comparisons between groups and their degree of inbreeding. 3.4 Results Rising ethnic diversity Table 3.1 contains the total number of club memberships per ethnic background over ten playing seasons. Here we see that the share of memberships belonging to members with immigrant backgrounds has risen over time and that therefore the diversity of the total member population E has increased as well. When we look more closely to specific backgrounds, we see that out of the single nationality immigrant backgrounds, only the Moroccan and Antillean groups have increased strongly over time. Furthermore, Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese backgrounds show substantially higher numbers than Antillean and Indonesian backgrounds. These patterns correspond with the figures on ethnic participation in Dutch amateur football from chapter 2. Moderate overall segregation and size matters Table 3.2 shows that overall ethnic segregation (total H) in amateur football is moderate (between 0.1 and 0.25), which indicates that clubs are substantially less diverse than the total member population. In the same table, to the right, the segregation of each respective group from members with other ethnic backgrounds is presented. Higher segregation indices reflect a higher degree of inbreeding. We observe moderate and high degrees of segregation for all groups,
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