PRPP-ASSESSMENT BASED ON PARENT-PROVIDED VIDEOS 133 6 Introduction Many healthcare professionals are interested in the natural course of disorders and therefore conduct various measurements, the ecological validity of which (i.e., correspondence to performance in daily life) can be discussed (Schmuckler, 2001). Information collected on the everyday lives of patients can be used to enhance ecological validity. Data collection in a home environment is now a point of interest as COVID-19 has created a need for care at a distance. Moreover, home treatment is an increasing method of treatment which has the advantage of treating children and their parents in their own context. Occupational therapists (OTs) are familiar with the use of video material of patients to get insight on everyday functioning. One could argue that video observations have limitations compared to real life: the presence of a camera can result in deviating behavior, and a camera lens cannot take in all aspects of an event (Sparrman, 2005). However, there is profound evidence that using video observations for assessments results in valid outcomes and can be beneficial for the children and parents as it has a low burden (Boonzaaijer et al., 2017; Curby et al., 2016; Houwink et al., 2013). A way of analyzing video observations to gain insight into everyday functioning is to use the Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform System of Task Analysis (PRPP-Assessment). This is an observation-based criterion-referenced measure which was developed to assess the occupational performance of people with information-processing difficulties (Chapparo & Ranka, 1996, 1997). It can be administered based on live observations or video material (Chapparo, 2017). With the PRPP-Assessment, the OT uses task analysis to examine mastery of an activity and the effectiveness of cognitive information processing. An example of an observed task with the PRPP-Assessment is given in Table 1. The psychometric properties of the PRPP-Assessment in children with and without disabilities have shown sufficient to good reliability and validity (Lowe, 2010; Mills et al., 2016; Nott et al., 2006, 2009; Stewart, 2010). Criterion-based assessment are encouraged to use as they are client-centered and thus applicable in atypical functioning children ((Bailey & Simeonsson, 1988; Keller et al., 2005; Linton, 1998; McLaren & Rodger, 2003; Simeonsson et al., 1982). As the task performance and cognitive strategies in the PRPP-Assessment are criterion-referenced, it provides a focus for person- centered intervention and outcome measures (Chapparo, 2017). In the past few years, we have explored the benefits of using parent-provided videos with the PRPP-Assessment instead of observation in the hospital in the care of children with mitochondrial disorder, a rare disease that affects energy metabolism. This disorder causes a large range of symptoms and impairments associated with mitochondrial disorder, varying frommotor impairments (such as muscle weakness or balance problems) to cognitive impairments (such as concentration problems
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