50 | Chapter 12 and can be considered as “competing risks” (Hachen, 1988). This implies that people are forced (often without them realising it) to choose an organisational form that best fits their stage of life and personal situation, depending on the resources at their disposal and existing constraints for sport participation at that particular point in time. Organisational forms differ in the demands they make on participants’ time and the extent that they provide a means of building new social contacts. Competitive club sport requires the greatest amount of time and yield the most intensive contact with others (Elling, 2007). This is because, compared to the other organisational forms, competitive club sport requires participants to be present more frequently and at set times (e.g., for practice, meetings and games). Therefore, there is a greater need to organise and communicate with others and a larger dependence upon others, such as teammembers, trainers, coaches, opponents and referees. People active in sport on a recreational, commercial or informal basis are generally less bound to set times and have a greater ability to determine for themselves the duration, frequency and time they devote to sport (Borgers et al., 2018; Borgers et al., 2016b). We assume here that temporal and social resources are the primary assets associated with people’s sport careers. They are therefore thought to explain both sport participation and the chosen organisational form. Specifically, experiencing certain major life events is said to influence the stock of temporal and social resources, which could make sport participation generally, and particularly in a competitive club setting, more or less attractive (Borgers et al., 2016b; Engel & Nagel, 2011; Pilgaard, 2013; Tiessen-Raaphorst et al., 2010). The sections below present in more detail our theoretical rationale for each of the six major life events under investigation, Starting a paid job When someone starts a paid job, their living situation undergoes substantial change. Before someone enters employment, they are usually a student, unemployed or occupied as a homemaker. Paid work, afterwards, generally becomes the main daily activity, taking up a large share of a person’s time (Szalai, 1973). Working hours, additionally, tend to be fixed. As such, starting a job is generally associated with increased time constraints (Kraaykamp et al., 2009). If we apply this logic to sport activity, the chance of someone taking up
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