90 Chapter 4 Supplements Supplement 1: Survey methods Selection procedure of participants The list of all 503 EPs was drawn from the membership list of The Netherlands Society of Emergency Physicians. In the Netherlands, EM is not a recognized formal medical specialization yet. Postgraduate physicians are registered as EPs after completion of the Dutch Emergency Medicine residency curriculum. The Dutch Emergency Medicine residency curriculum was started in 2000 and consists of a three years-period of residency. We only included registered EPs and excluded EM residents for the study, because we wanted to focus on those with the experiences and skills developed from the full EP curriculum, apart from the skills and knowledge needed in daily ED practice. Second, managers of all EDs in the Netherlands were eligible for participation. The list of all 83 managers was drawn up from internet search and phone calls to hospitals with an emergency department. We defined an ED-manager as the person responsible for the management of the staff at the ED; this could be either the head of the ED or an EDmanager responsible for the ED’s clinical operations. Supplement 2: Questionnaire development and data collection Initial drafts of the questionnaires were evaluated on face validity by two geriatricians (YS/MOR), one EP (ÖS) and one healthcare scientist (GH). As a result, several items were deleted from and added to the questionnaires resulting in new drafts. These drafts were piloted on a small sample of the target population (i.e., three EPs and two managers of an ED) to evaluate questionnaire understandability and feasibility. We changed the questionnaire based on these findings, which resulted in two final questionnaires (supplement 8 and 9). The final questionnaire for EPs comprised a total of 33 questions related to EP’s: demographics (5 questions), care for older adults at the ED (7 questions), perceived needs for GEM education (9 questions), and quality and quantity of GEM education attended (12 questions). Of these 33 questions 14 used a 5-point Likert scale (1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= undecided, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree) to evaluate the question; and two questions were open-ended, which enabled respondents to expand on- and clarify responses (supplement 8). The final questionnaire for ED managers comprised a total of 23 questions addressing questions regarding personal demographics, characteristics of their ED (9 questions), and provision of GEM education to their EPs (14 questions). Six questions were evaluated by a 5-point Likert scale. Three questions were open-ended (supplement 9).
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