130 Chapter 6 Table 1 Baseline comparison of study samples receiving standard discharge care and teach-back All participants Older participants Total (n=648) Standard discharge (n=343) Teach-back (n=305) p value Total (n=137) Standard discharge (n=70) Teach-back (n=67) p value Age, median (IQR) 52 (24-69) 52 (24-68) 52 (24-70) 0.75 76 (72-81) 78 (72-81) 75 (71-81) 0.38 Sex, female, n (%) 328 (50.6) 182 (53.1) 146 (47.9) 0.19 74 (54.0) 38 (54.3) 36 (53.7) 0.95 Urgency triage level 0.07 0.50 High*, (%) 99 (15.3) 59 (17.2) 40 (13.1) 30 (21.9) 16 (22.9) 14 (20.9) Low†, (%) 388 (59.9) 192 (56.0) 196 (64.3) 93 (67.9) 43 (61.4) 50 (74.6) Missing, n (%) 161 (24.8) 92 (26.8) 69 (22.6) 14 (10.2) 11 (15.7) 3 (4.5) CCI, median (IQR) 1 (1-3) 1 (0-3) 1 (1-3) 0.29 4 (3-6) 5 (4-7) 4 (3-6) 0.01 Polypharmacyǂ NR NR NR 59 (43.1) 31 (44.3) 28 (41.8) 0.77 ED LOS in minutes, median (IQR) 137 (85-196) 143 (91-212) 131 (81-182) 0.03 171 (116-222) 178 (120-240) 160 (113-204) 0.13 ED discharge during peak time§ 449 (69.3) 235 (68.5) 214 (70.2) 0.65 93 (67.9) 49 (70.0) 44 (65.7) 0.59 Duration of instructions, median minutes (IQR) NR¥ NR¥ NR¥ 6 (4-9) 7 (5-10) 5 (3-9) 0.22 Cognitive impairment**, n (%) NR¥ NR¥ NR¥ 12 (8.8) 9 (12.9) 18 (26.9) 0.04 Informal carer present at discharge, n (%) NR¥ NR¥ NR¥ 106 (77.4) 54 (77.1) 52 (77.6) 0.95 Post-discharge interviewwith an informal carer, n (%) NA NA NA 9 (6.6) 4 (5.7) 5 (7.5) 0.74 * Categories 'Immediate' and 'Very urgent' of the Manchester Triage System. † Categories 'Urgent', 'Standard' and 'Non-urgent' of the Manchester Triage System. ǂ Five or more different types of prescribed medication. § Between noon and 6 pm. ¥ This outcome was not reported because individual scores were only collected for older adults (aged ≥70 years) during the observation of their discharge conversation. ** Reported and observed information on cognitive impairment at ED discharge (i.e., signs of early-stage dementia, post-stroke symptoms, disorientation, confusion). IQR, Inter Quartile Range; ED, Emergency Department; LOS, Length Of Stay; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; NR, Not Reported; NA, Not Applicable.
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