Thesis

72 CHAPTER 3 Table 2: Baseline patient characteristics Male (n=15) Female (n=14) Total (n=29) Mean (SD) age at intervention, y:mo BoNT-A 9:10 (2:9) 9:3 (2:3) 9:6 (2:5) Bilateral submandibular duct ligation 11:5 (2:6) 10:6 (2:2) 10:1 (2:4) Mean (SD) BoNT-A injections before bilateral submandibular duct ligation; range 2.8 (1.7); 1–7 1.7 (1.1); 1–5 2.3 (1.5); 1–7 Drooling,a n (%) Anterior 9 (60) 6 (42.9) 15 (51.7) Antero-posterior 6 (40) 8 (57.1) 14 (48.3) Main diagnosis, n (%) Spastic CP 4 (26.7) 3 (21.4) 7 (24.1) Dyskinetic CP 0 (0) 3 (21.4) 3 (10.3) Spastic/dyskinetic CP 4 (26.7) 1 (7.1) 5 (17.2) Other developmental disabilityb 7 (46.7) 7 (50.0) 14 (48.3) GMFCS level,c n (%) II 1 (12.5) 1 (14.3) 2 (13.3) III 1 (12.5) 0 (0) 1 (6.7) IV 2 (25.0) 5 (71.4) 7 (46.7) V 4 (50.0) 1 (14.3) 5 (33.3) Degree of mobility, total group, n (%) Ambulant 8 (53.3) 5 (35.7) 13 (44.8) Non-ambulant 7 (46.7) 9 (64.3) 16 (55.2) Developmental age, n (%) <4y 12 (80.0) 5 (35.7) 17 (58.6) >4y 3 (20.0) 9 (64.3) 12 (41.4) Epilepsy, n (%) Yes 12 (80.0) 9 (64.3) 21 (72.4) Controlled 10 (83.3) 9 (100) 19 (90.5) Intractable 2 (16.7) 0 (0) 2 (9.5) No 3 (20.0) 5 (35.7) 8 (27.6) aAnterior drooling is the unintentional loss of saliva from the mouth towards the chin. Posterior drooling is the uncontrolled leakage of saliva over the tongue base through the faucial isthmus.31 Antero-posterior drooling is the coexistence of both anterior and posterior drooling. bOther developmental disability: children with unexplained non-progressive developmental disabilities or mainly as part of a syndrome (e.g. Dandy–Walker, de Grouchy), genetic (e.g. trisomy 1q), or metabolic disorder. cScore only applies to cerebral palsy (CP; n=15). Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I–III is classified as ambulant. GMFCS level IV and V is classified as non-ambulant. BoNT-A, botulinum neurotoxin A.

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