3 Protocol for the In Balance randomized controlled trial | 47 Societal costs For the economic evaluation, societal costs will be assessed using three retrospective 4-month cost questionnaires at M4, M8 and M12. Healthcare, participant and family costs will be measured using the iMTA Medical Cost Questionnaire (166). Productivity costs related to paid and unpaid work will be assessed using the iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (167). Physical measurements Physical performance Physical performance will be assessed at a location in the municipality of the participant on the following time points: M0, M4 and M12. To ensure data quality, assessors, who are blinded to group allocation, will be trained to perform the measurements. The following assessments are included: 1. Balance will be measured with the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment – Balance, the Four Stage Balance Test and the Timed Up and Go Test. First, the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment – Balance evaluates balance during sitting, standing up, standing, eyes closed, rotating and sitting down (168). Second, the Four Stage Balance Test assesses the ability to stand with the feet together in the side-by-side, semi-tandem, tandem and standing on one foot positions (169). Third, the Timed Up and Go Test measures the time it takes to stand up from a chair, to walk 3 meter, turn around, walk 3 meter back, turn around and sit in the chair (170). 2. Mobility will be measured with the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment – Mobility. This questionnaire evaluates mobility on start of gait, stride length, stride height, stride symmetry, stride continuity, aberrant gait, trunk and foot distance (168). 3. Muscle Strength will be measured with the Hand Grip Strength Test and the Timed Chair Stand Test. Hand Grip Strength Grip strength will be assessed using a handheld dynamometer and is calculated as the average of three measurements of the score in kilogram of the dominant hand (148). Second, the Timed Chair Stand Test measures the time it takes to stand up and sit down from a chair five times as fast as possible without using the arms (171). 4. Walking Speed will be measured with the 10 Meter Walk Test (172). The participants start from rest and walk 10 meter at a self-chosen comfortable pace. The score is calculated as the mean time in seconds of 2 attempts. 5. Aerobic Endurance will be measured with the 2-minute Step Test (173). The height of the iliac crest and patella is measured and this is marked on the wall. Then tape is placed on the wall half the distance between the two. The participant steps in
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